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急性肾功能衰竭(以下称ARF)一旦发生,治疗较被动,死亡率较高,近年来虽有透析疗法的应用,死亡率仍高达25～63％,因此预防ARF的发生实有重要意义。 ARF少尿发生的主要病理机制有四:一是肾血管痉挛引起肾血流减少致肾小球滤过率降低;二是肾小管梗阻;三是滤过液通过损伤的肾小管上皮细胞的回漏;四是肾小球超滤系数降低所致的滤过衰竭。凡能防止和逆转上述病理过程的措施均对ARF的预防有益。下面仅就几个有共性的问题作一讨论。
Once acute renal failure (hereinafter referred to as ARF) occurs, the treatment is more passive and the mortality rate is higher. In spite of the dialysis therapy application in recent years, the mortality rate is as high as 25% to 63%. Therefore, it is of great significance to prevent the occurrence of ARF. ARF oliguria main pathological mechanisms are four: First, renal vasospasm caused by reduced renal blood flow caused by decreased glomerular filtration rate; the second is tubule obstruction; third filtration through the damaged tubular epithelial cells back Leak; Fourth, reduce glomerular filtration coefficient caused by filtration failure. Where prevention and reversal of the pathological process measures are beneficial to the prevention of ARF. Here are just a few common problems to be discussed.