镇是我国行政区设计的四级政府,是国家管理机构中的基础层次。目前,全国县以下的小城镇有5万3千多个。它们一头连着城市(县),一头连着农村,因此,成为乡头县尾的结合部、交汇点。是农副产品进城,工业产品下乡的进与出、吸收与扩散的重要流通渠道。镇不仅主要要承担以农副产品为原料的初级加工,给大工业提供深加工的原料或半成品,而且也要承担农副产品就地加工、就地消化,满足当地人民生活需要的任务。在那里有大批能工巧匠,具有加工、制作传统工艺品和地方产品的优势。有着潜力大、劳动力丰富、市场广阔等多种特点,因此,高度重视小城镇的综合改革具有非常重要的意义。 长期以来,由于旧的管理体制的束缚,本应繁荣的小城镇,却大都经济发展缓慢。究其原因,主要在于: 1.条块分割。县(市)伸于镇的国营、集体、事业单位,由于多年所实行的纵向管理,致使这些身在镇头在县的单位,脱离于镇,大小事情都由县各主管局来决定。遇上物资分配,扩建改造,资源开发等问题就需要多头协商解决,因而常常出现县里靠局里,局里靠镇里的“三不管”局面,极不利于统筹规划,协调发展。 2.集权于上。镇做为一级政府,应该有人、财、物等权力,然而现行体制“三 The town is a four-level government designed by China’s administrative regions and is the basic level in the state administration. At present, there are over 53,000 small towns under the county level. They are attached to the cities (counties) one at a time, and one is linked to the countryside. Therefore, they become the junction and intersection of the tail of Xiangtou County. It is an important distribution channel for agricultural products and agricultural products to go in and into and out of the countryside for industrial products to be absorbed and dispersed. The town not only mainly undertakes the primary processing of agricultural and sideline products as raw materials, provides deep processing of raw materials or semi-finished products to large industries, but also undertakes the tasks of on-site processing of agricultural and sideline products, in-situ digestion and satisfying the needs of local people’s lives. There are a large number of skilled craftsmen, with the advantages of processing, making traditional handicrafts and local products. There are many characteristics such as great potential, rich labor force, broad market and so on. Therefore, it is of great significance to attach great importance to the comprehensive reform of small towns. For a long time, due to the shackles of the old management system, the small towns that should have prospered, most of them are slow to develop economically. The reason, mainly lies in: 1. Bar division. Counties (cities) run state-run enterprises, collectives and institutions in the towns and villages. As a result of years of vertical administration, these units in the county town are separated from the towns and counties and counties are decided by their offices. In the event of material distribution, expansion and transformation, resource development and other issues need to be negotiated through long negotiations, which often occur in the county by bureau, bureau by the town of “three no matter” situation, is very detrimental to the overall planning, coordinated development. 2. Centralized on. The town as a government, there should be people, money, things and other powers, however, the current system "three