目的探讨口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂辅助治疗足月新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效及安全性。方法将236例高胆红素血症的足月新生儿随机分为观察组(n=127)和对照组(n=109)。2组均采用双面兰光治疗等综合措施。观察组在此基础上口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂500 mg,bid,连用5 d,每日测经皮胆红素(TCB)值。结果治疗2 d TCB下降值、5 d内TCB下降值观察组为(41.38±25.31)、(30.10±9.75)μmol.L-1,明显高于对照组的(33.00±29.58)、(25.31±9.92)μmol.L-1(t=2.34、3.73,P<0.05、<0.01);TCB降至171μmol.L-1以下所需的时间观察组为(7.37±1.27)d,明显短于对照组的(9.19±1.78)d(P<0.01)。治疗5 d总有效率观察组为79.53%,明显高于对照组的58.72%(P<0.01)。观察组10例(7.87%)发生发热、腹泻等一过性不良反应,无严重不良反应发生。结论口服酪酸梭菌活菌散剂辅助治疗足月新生儿高胆红素血症是一种安全有效的措施。 Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of oral administration of Clostridium butyricum viable adjuvant in the treatment of full-term neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Methods 236 newborns with full-bilirubin were randomly divided into observation group (n = 127) and control group (n = 109). Both groups adopted double-sided blue light therapy and other comprehensive measures. On the basis of this observation group, oral Clostridium butyricum viable powder 500 mg twice daily for 5 d was used to measure the value of TCB. Results The decrease of TCB on the 2nd day was (41.38 ± 25.31) and (30.10 ± 9.75) μmol.L-1 on the 5th day, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (33.00 ± 29.58) and (25.31 ± 9.92 (7.37 ± 1.27) d, which was significantly shorter than that of the control group (t = 2.34,3.73, P <0.05, <0.01) (9.19 ± 1.78) d (P <0.01). The total effective rate of observation group for 5 days was 79.53% in observation group, which was significantly higher than that in control group (58.72%, P <0.01). Observation group of 10 patients (7.87%) occurred fever, diarrhea and other transient adverse reactions, no serious adverse reactions. Conclusion Clostridium butyricum viable adjuvant treatment of full-term neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a safe and effective measure.