A simple and efficient method of enhancing biomass saccharification by microwave-assisted pretreatment with dimethyl sulfoxide/1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is proposed. Softwood(pine wood(PW)), hardwoods(poplar wood, catalpa bungi, and Chinese parasol), and agricultural wastes(rice straw, wheat straw, and corn stover(CS)) were exploited. Results showed that the best pretreatment effect was in PW with 54.3% and 31.7% dissolution and extraction ratios, respectively. The crystal form of cellulose in PW extract transformed from I to II, and the contended cellulose ratio and glucose conversion ratio reached 85.1% and 85.4%, respectively. CS after steam explosion achieved a similar pretreating effect as PW, with its cellulose hydrolysis ratio reaching as high as 91.5% after IL pretreatment. Softwood (pine wood (PW)), hardwoods (poplar wood, catalpa bungi, and Chinese parasol) is a simple and efficient method for enhancing biomass saccharification by microwave-assisted pretreatment with dimethyl sulfoxide / 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride , and agricultural wastes (rice straw, wheat straw, and corn stover (CS)) were exploited. Results showed that best pretreatment effect was in PW with 54.3% and 31.7% dissolution and extraction ratios, respectively. The crystal form of cellulose in PW extract transformed from I to II, and the contended cellulose ratio and glucose conversion ratio reached 85.1% and 85.4%, respectively. CS after steam explosion achieved a similar pretreating effect as PW, with its cellulose hydrolysis ratio reaching as high as 91.5% after IL pretreatment.