本文研究了采自泰安、南京、昆明3地在相近植被类型下的石灰性土壤和非石灰性土壤的腐殖质组成和胡敏酸的结构特征。结果表明,和同一地区的非石灰性土壤相比,石灰性土壤不但胡敏酸/富里酸比值恒较高,活性胡敏酸的相对含量显著较低,且其胡敏酸的芳化度和羧基含量较高,全氮及酰胺态氮的含量较低。看来,土壤呈微碱性反应不仅有利于有机物质腐解过程的进行,而且有利于游离基的形成,从而有利于酚类物质相互之间以及酚类物质与含氮化合物之间的缩聚反应和腐殖酸的脱胺作用的进行。 In this paper, the humus composition and humic acid structure of calcareous soil and non-calcareous soil from three adjacent Tai’an, Nanjing and Kunming were studied. The results showed that compared with the non-calcareous soil in the same area, the calcareous soil not only had a higher humic acid / fulvic acid ratio but lower relative content of active humic acid, and its humic acid Higher carboxyl content, total nitrogen and amido nitrogen content is lower. It seems that the soil is slightly alkaline reaction is not only conducive to the decomposition of organic matter decomposition process, but also conducive to the formation of free radicals, which is conducive to phenolic substances and phenols and nitrogen compounds between the polycondensation reaction And the deamination of humic acid.