New strategies for spatially controlled growth of human neurons may provide viable solutions to treat and recover peripheral or spinal cord injuries.While topography cues are known to promote attachment and direct proliferation of many cell types,guided outgrowth of human neurites has been found difficult to achieve so far.Here,three-dimensional (3D) micropattemed carbon nanotube (CNT) templates are used to effectively direct human neurite stem cell growth.By exploiting the mechanical flexibility,electrically conductivity and texture of the 3D CNT micropillars,a perfect environment is created to achieve specific guidance of human neurites,which may lead to enhanced therapeutic effects within the injured spinal cord or peripheral nerves.It is found that the 3D CNT micropillars grant excellent anchoring for adjacent neurites to form seamless neuronal networks that can be grown to any arbitrary shape and size.Apart from clear practical relevance in regenerative medicine,these results using the CNT based templates on Si chips also can pave the road for new types of microelectrode arrays to study cell network electrophysiology.