作为鉴定有机化合物官能团和研究分子结构强有力手段的红外吸收光谱,已广泛地应用于有机化学各领域中。我国自六十年代以来,已较为普遍地用于研讨生油岩、油源、原油对比、油气运移和原油的后生变化等方面的石油地质问题,积累了丰富的实际资料。笔者初步分析了我国大部分地区原油的红外谱线,发现不同地区、不同层位的原油红外谱线有共性亦有差异。其差异主要受控于原油形成的地质条件与保存环境,故据原油红外谱线特征可阐明某些石油地质问题。 Infrared absorption spectroscopy has been widely used in various fields of organic chemistry as a powerful means of identifying functional groups of organic compounds and studying molecular structure. Since the 1960s, China has been widely used for studying petroleum geology issues such as oil source rock, oil source, crude oil contrast, hydrocarbon migration and the epigenetic changes of crude oil, and has accumulated rich practical data. The author has initially analyzed the infrared spectra of crude oil in most parts of China and found that the infrared spectra of crude oil in different regions and layers have similarities and differences. The difference is mainly controlled by the geological conditions and the preservation environment formed by the crude oil. Therefore, some petroleum geological problems can be clarified according to the characteristics of the crude oil infrared spectrum.