1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes,T1DM)是遗传和环境(包括病毒感染)等多种因素共同作用于易感个体,由自身T淋巴细胞介导的一种器官特异性自身免疫性疾病,从而导致大量胰岛β细胞凋亡、功能衰竭,体内胰岛素绝对分泌不足[1],是儿童和青少年糖尿病的主要类型。随着各国医疗保健服务的普及和诊断技术的不断进步,1型糖尿病的发病率也日益增加[2]。自1921年Banting发现胰岛素以来,每日多次皮下注射胰 Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that is mediated by a combination of genetic and environmental factors (including viral infections) and susceptible individuals and is mediated by autologous T lymphocytes, resulting in A large number of pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, failure, the absolute lack of insulin secretion in the body [1], is the main type of diabetes in children and adolescents. With the popularization of medical services and the continuous improvement of diagnostic techniques in various countries, the incidence of type 1 diabetes is also increasing [2]. Since the discovery of insulin in 1921 Banting, pancreas was subcutaneously injected several times a day