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基础写作是广东高考英语的一个重要组成部分,目的是考查考生最基础的书面表达能力,即用词的合理性、句子结构的复杂度、语法运用的正确性、信息内容的完整性、句子之间的连贯性等。教师在教学过程中注重对学生进行基础的写作微技能的指导,既可以培养学生良好的写作习惯,又可以提升学生的写作能力。所谓“微技能”,就是要准确、严谨地使用英语语法和纯正、地道的英语;句型结构要变化多样;文章逻辑顺序要正确、条理清晰,上下文衔接要连贯。
准确严谨地运用英语语法
单词的大小写、名词的单复数、动词的时态和语态、主谓一致等,这些看似简单而又重要的细节,往往因为学生的忽略而导致评分者对整篇文章的评估。因此需要教师的正确引导,使学生养成良好的语法运用习惯。英语语法种类繁多,条条框框非常琐碎,如果仅凭死记硬背的话,学生会不胜其烦。实际上,只要本着实用的原则,与语言的运用结合起来,语法的学习也是富有乐趣的。因此对于语法的学习,教师应该教会学生善于在理解的基础上学习、在学习中归纳语法规则、在错误中总结语法规律、在交际中使用语法监控等,这样才能起到促进理解、监控输出的作用,使学生的语言知识与技能融为一体。
完美地使用英语词汇和短语
英语的词汇和短语表达丰富多样,但又各有不同,就算是近义的表达也有等级之分。在写作文时,如果能正确、完美地使用丰富的词汇和短语,文章就会丰富而不单调,生动而不沉闷,活泼而不呆板。如下文:
30% students questioned say they think it better not to have physical exercise. They believe there’s no time to spare for sports for Senior 3 students and it will have a bad effect on study if the student gets hurt or too tired in it. While 70% students consider we should do necessary physical exercise. They hold the view that it is a good relaxation and will surely do good to our study. Half of them stick to running every day, and others prefer to play basketball, table tennis, badminton or do something else.
在这篇短文中,作者分别使用了think, consider, believe, hold the view that来陈述相同的内容,词汇短语变化不断,大大丰富了文章的表现力,摇曳生姿。
合理灵活地使用多样的句型结构
变化多样的句型结构,可以最真实地反映学生的语言表达能力和水平,也可以折射出学生对高中阶段重点句型的掌握程度,是学生思维能力和对文章的组织能力的综合体现。对句型结构的灵活运用,可以大大增加文章的亮色、节奏和韵律美,使文章达到润色的效果。
H1N1 flu is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the H1N1 virus, which is spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with flu. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it. The symptons of H1N1 virus in people include fever, cough, sore throat, running or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. If you are infected, stay at home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone apart from getting medical care, but don’t be panic. To prevent yourself from getting sick, you should wash your hands often, cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing and sneezing and try to avoid close contact with sick people.
精心巧妙地使用连词
连词作为一种衔接机制,不仅能保持主从句在意义上的连贯,而且在语篇连贯中也发挥着至关重要的连接作用。中国学生因为受汉语思维的影响,在英语写作中普遍存在着连词误用和连词缺省两类问题,导致文章缺乏连贯,逻辑性差。为了使文章段落之间紧密连贯,结构浑然一体,增强文章的说服力和感染力,应该在句与句、段落与段落之间,恰当地使用一些过渡性词和连词,使文意起承转合更加清晰、流畅。如:
After a heated discussion, we agreed to climb the mountain outside the city which we often passed by, but it was the first time we had thought of climbing it. We started early in the morning, at about 8:00 am when we were taking a bus out of the city. About an hour later, we began to feel tired, but there was still a long way to go. We took a short break and then went on climbing. Not until lunch time did we get to the top of the mountain, and at the sight of our beautiful city below us,we felt happy though we were tired out.
写作的最终目的是为了沟通。好的写作技巧是有效沟通的基础,要写出一篇好的英语作文不是一朝一夕就能做到的。除了借助以上微技能方法之外,还需从平时入手,勤写多练,以提高自己的写作水平和语言表达能力。
责任编辑 魏文琦
准确严谨地运用英语语法
单词的大小写、名词的单复数、动词的时态和语态、主谓一致等,这些看似简单而又重要的细节,往往因为学生的忽略而导致评分者对整篇文章的评估。因此需要教师的正确引导,使学生养成良好的语法运用习惯。英语语法种类繁多,条条框框非常琐碎,如果仅凭死记硬背的话,学生会不胜其烦。实际上,只要本着实用的原则,与语言的运用结合起来,语法的学习也是富有乐趣的。因此对于语法的学习,教师应该教会学生善于在理解的基础上学习、在学习中归纳语法规则、在错误中总结语法规律、在交际中使用语法监控等,这样才能起到促进理解、监控输出的作用,使学生的语言知识与技能融为一体。
完美地使用英语词汇和短语
英语的词汇和短语表达丰富多样,但又各有不同,就算是近义的表达也有等级之分。在写作文时,如果能正确、完美地使用丰富的词汇和短语,文章就会丰富而不单调,生动而不沉闷,活泼而不呆板。如下文:
30% students questioned say they think it better not to have physical exercise. They believe there’s no time to spare for sports for Senior 3 students and it will have a bad effect on study if the student gets hurt or too tired in it. While 70% students consider we should do necessary physical exercise. They hold the view that it is a good relaxation and will surely do good to our study. Half of them stick to running every day, and others prefer to play basketball, table tennis, badminton or do something else.
在这篇短文中,作者分别使用了think, consider, believe, hold the view that来陈述相同的内容,词汇短语变化不断,大大丰富了文章的表现力,摇曳生姿。
合理灵活地使用多样的句型结构
变化多样的句型结构,可以最真实地反映学生的语言表达能力和水平,也可以折射出学生对高中阶段重点句型的掌握程度,是学生思维能力和对文章的组织能力的综合体现。对句型结构的灵活运用,可以大大增加文章的亮色、节奏和韵律美,使文章达到润色的效果。
H1N1 flu is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the H1N1 virus, which is spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing by people with flu. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it. The symptons of H1N1 virus in people include fever, cough, sore throat, running or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. If you are infected, stay at home for at least 24 hours after your fever is gone apart from getting medical care, but don’t be panic. To prevent yourself from getting sick, you should wash your hands often, cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when coughing and sneezing and try to avoid close contact with sick people.
精心巧妙地使用连词
连词作为一种衔接机制,不仅能保持主从句在意义上的连贯,而且在语篇连贯中也发挥着至关重要的连接作用。中国学生因为受汉语思维的影响,在英语写作中普遍存在着连词误用和连词缺省两类问题,导致文章缺乏连贯,逻辑性差。为了使文章段落之间紧密连贯,结构浑然一体,增强文章的说服力和感染力,应该在句与句、段落与段落之间,恰当地使用一些过渡性词和连词,使文意起承转合更加清晰、流畅。如:
After a heated discussion, we agreed to climb the mountain outside the city which we often passed by, but it was the first time we had thought of climbing it. We started early in the morning, at about 8:00 am when we were taking a bus out of the city. About an hour later, we began to feel tired, but there was still a long way to go. We took a short break and then went on climbing. Not until lunch time did we get to the top of the mountain, and at the sight of our beautiful city below us,we felt happy though we were tired out.
写作的最终目的是为了沟通。好的写作技巧是有效沟通的基础,要写出一篇好的英语作文不是一朝一夕就能做到的。除了借助以上微技能方法之外,还需从平时入手,勤写多练,以提高自己的写作水平和语言表达能力。
责任编辑 魏文琦