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晚清时期皇权的终结与民国初年共和体制的肇建，是中国政治史上的重大事件。皇权作为一种功能性的存在，在中国主要有专制主义与制衡主义两种模式。前者于乾隆朝已宣告终结，后者在嘉（庆）道（光）朝以下成为主导模式，且因其不可避免地要与现代化运动接轨，故而具有了地主阶级自由化的属性。鸦片战争后，皇权的功能受到了莫大的挑战，慈禧顺势利导，使皇权一时得以稳定。迨其去世，皇 权重新回归于满人贵族掌管的乾隆朝专制主义模式，并很快消逝于革命的烈火之中。皇权已逝，共和肇兴，地主阶级权力结构关系继续运作，遂有袁世凯模式的出现，同时出现的还有资产阶级自由派设定的分权主义结构关系的宋教仁模式和资产阶级革命民主派所设想的孙中山模式。但由于孙中山设想的革命进程并未能够真正启动，因而没有在民初政体权力结构运作中产生作用，一时起作用的是袁世凯模式与宋教仁模式的联合与折中，所以民初的“共和”政体，实为地主阶级自由派与资产阶级自由派的“共和”行政，而并非所谓“Ｒｅｐｕｂｌｉｃ”的“民国”或“共和国”。
The end of imperial power in the late Qing Dynasty and the founding of a republican system in the early Republican China were major events in Chinese political history. As a functional existence of imperial power, there are mainly two modes of authoritarianism and checks and balances in China. The former had come to an end in Qianlong Dynasty, and the latter became the dominant model in Jia (Qing) Road (Guang) towards the following and possessed the property of liberalization of landlord class as it inevitably got in line with the modernization movement. After the Opium War, the function of the imperial power has been greatly challenged, Empress homeopathy, the imperial power to stabilize temporarily. After his death, the imperial power returned to the model of autocratic imperialism run by Manchu aristocrats and soon dissipated in the fire of revolution. With the imperial power passed away, the Republican Zhaoxing and the landlord-class power structure relations continued to operate, there emerged the emergence of the Yuan Shikai model, accompanied by the Song Jiaoren model and the bourgeois revolutionary democracy with the decentralized structural relations set by the liberal bourgeoisie Sun Yat-Sen model envisaged by the school. However, since the revolutionary process envisioned by Sun Yat-sen was not able to really start its course, it did not play a role in the operation of the power structure of the regime in the early Republic of China. The co-existence and compromise between the Yuan Shikai model and the Song Jiaoren model, “The political system is actually the” republican “administration of the landlord class liberals and the bourgeois liberals, not the so-called” republic “or” republic "of the Republic.