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一、现代化改革的政治结构背景与动机奥斯曼帝国的现代化并不是经济上已经成长起来的资产阶级为了维护其财产并要求参与政治而肇始的,改革的启动以及整个过程都是一种自上而下的现代化模式的典型,其目的是为了保护王室、行政与军事官僚的政治利益。它既不受上升中的资产阶级利益的引导,也没有开明专制主义精神的指导,它的目的是要在西方列强和欧洲文明日益占
I. The Political Structure of the Modern Reform Background and Motivation The modernization of the Ottoman Empire does not mean that the bourgeoisie, which has grown up economically, started out as a means of preserving its property and of participating in politics. The initiation of the reform and the entire process are top-down The typical model of modernization is designed to protect the political interests of royal, administrative and military bureaucrats. It is neither guided by the rising interests of the bourgeoisie nor is it guided by the spirit of enlightened despotism. Its purpose is to gradually increase the share of Western powers and European civilizations