地下水是影响湿地中植物生长发育的重要因素。针对黄河三角洲湿地退化状况,从2010年开始,黄河水利委员会有计划地对湿地生态恢复区进行生态补水。为了研究生态补水对黄河三角洲湿地地下水的影响,利用实测资料,基于Visual MODFLOW建立黄河三角洲地下水流数值模型,着重分析2010年、2011年和2013年补水期间清水沟湿地生态恢复区地下水的动态变化。研究结果表明,清水沟湿地生态恢复区地下水补给来源主要包括降水入渗、河流入渗和湿地地表水体入渗(简称湿地入渗),其中,降水入渗为最主要的补给项,并受年内气象条件影响;在补水总量不变,补水面积扩大的情况下,湿地入渗量增加,2010年、2011年和2013年的湿地入渗量分别为2.80×104m3/d、6.12×104m3/d和9.06×104m3/d;地下水储存量增加明显,三年的增加量分别为1.54×104m3/d、8.18×104m3/d和14.5×104m3/d;生态补水期间,湿地入渗速率不断增加,补水结束后,入渗速率减缓;湿地入渗补给使生态恢复区地下水水位抬升,最终达到稳定,三年湿地生态恢复区的地下水水位分别约抬升0.6 m、0.52 m和0.41 m,补水范围增大,湿地水位降低,补水对湿地内地下水的抬升幅度略有减小;三年的生态补水对湿地周边地下水水位的侧向影响范围分别为约1 000 m、900 m和800 m,补水范围越大,湿地周边地下水的侧向影响范围越小而影响面积越大。相关结论能够为黄河三角洲湿地调水及补水方案优化提供依据。 Groundwater is an important factor affecting the growth and development of plants in wetlands. In response to the degradation of the wetlands in the Yellow River Delta, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission has planned to make ecological recharge to the wetland ecological restoration areas since 2010. In order to study the effect of ecological replenishment on the groundwater in the Yellow River Delta wetlands, the groundwater flow model in the Yellow River Delta was established based on Visual MODFLOW. The dynamic changes of groundwater in Qingshuigou wetland eco-restoration area during 2010, 2011 and 2013 were analyzed emphatically. The results show that the sources of groundwater recharge in Qingshuitai wetland ecological restoration area mainly include precipitation infiltration, river infiltration and infiltration of wetland surface water (referred to as wetland infiltration). Among them, precipitation infiltration is the most important recharge item, The infiltration capacity of wetland increased with the total amount of water replenished and the replenishment area enlarged. The infiltration capacity of wetland in 2010, 2011 and 2013 were 2.80 × 104m3 / d and 6.12 × 104m3 / d respectively And 9.06 × 104m3 / d respectively. The storage of groundwater increased obviously. The increment in three years was 1.54 × 104m3 / d, 8.18 × 104m3 / d and 14.5 × 104m3 / d respectively. During the period of ecological recharge, the infiltration rate of wetland increased continuously, The infiltration rate slowed down. Wetland infiltration recharge raised the groundwater level in the ecological restoration area and eventually reached a stable level. The groundwater level in the three-year wetland ecological restoration area was raised about 0.6 m, 0.52 m and 0.41 m, respectively, The water level of wetlands decreased and the replenishment rate slightly decreased the groundwater level in the wetlands. The three-year ecological replenishment affected the lateral water areas around the wetlands at about 1 000 m, 900 m and 800 m, respectively. Groundwater around wetlands Lateral less affect the scope of the larger area. The relevant conclusions can provide the basis for water transfer and water recharge in the Yellow River Delta.