在马克思的一生中,自由问题始终是一个备受关注的问题,对自由的理解也经历了一个不断发展变化的过程。在《德意志意识形态》之前,由于历史唯物主义还没有创立,从总体上来看,马克思的自由观还是抽象的。而马克思自由思想的真实意蕴就是《德意志意识形态》中所表述的“现实的个人”的自由。当然,马克思认为这种“现实的个人”的自由在资本主义私有制条件下还是不现实的,他不仅具体分析了导致这种不自由现象的原因,而且探索了实现“现实的个人”的自由的主要条件。 In Marx’s life, the issue of freedom has always been a matter of great concern. The understanding of freedom has also undergone a process of continuous development and change. Before “German Ideology,” since the historical materialism has not been established, Marx’s concept of freedom is abstract in general. The true connotation of Marx’s free thought is the freedom of “real individual” as expressed in “German Ideology.” Of course, Marx believes that the freedom of this “realistic individual” is unrealistic under the conditions of private ownership of capitalism. He not only analyzes in concrete reasons the causes of such non-freedom, but also explores the personal, "The main condition of freedom.