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目的了解开阳县2009-2012年水痘发病流行病学特征,为制定水痘防控措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析开阳县水痘疫情特征。结果开阳县2009-2012年报告水痘疫情有逐年增多趋势,各年度发病率分别为36.92/10万、46.91/10万、32.98/10万、57.94/10万;水痘发病呈现每年4~7月和11月~次年2月两个高峰期;地区间发病不平衡,以城关镇和双流镇发病较高;学生病例最多(学生是主要发病人群),占发病总数的77.97%,其次是幼托儿童和散居儿童,分别占23.36%和16.67%;15岁以下人群占总数的94.53%;男女性别比为1.26∶1;2009-2012年全县报告水痘事件7起,均发生在学校。结论水痘发病有明显的季节性高峰,发病主要以15岁以下人群为主,学校是水痘的重要场所,在重点地区、重点人群中接种水痘疫苗是预防和控制水痘最有效的措施。加强水痘预防知识宣传,根据条件开展水痘疫苗常规接种的推广和应急接种工作,今后重点是加强学生和幼托儿童水痘的防控工作。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Kaiyang County from 2009 to 2012 and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of chickenpox. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of chickenpox in Kaiyang County. Results The epidemic situation of chickenpox in Kaiyang County increased year by year from 2009 to 2012 in Kaiyang County. The annual incidence rates were 36.92 / 100000, 46.91 / 100000, 32.98 / 100000 and 57.94 / 100000 respectively. The incidence of chickenpox was between April and July each year And from November to February of the next year. There was an imbalance between the regions and the highest incidence was in Chengguan Township and Shuangliu Township. The highest number of students (students were the major ones) accounted for 77.97% of the total, followed by young Child care and scattered children, accounting for 23.36% and 16.67% respectively; people under 15 accounted for 94.53% of the total; sex ratio was 1.26: 1; 2009-2012, the county reported 7 cases of chickenpox, occurred in schools. Conclusions The incidence of chickenpox has obvious seasonal peak. The main pathogenesis is mainly under 15 years of age. School is an important place for chicken pox. Chickenpox vaccination in key areas and key populations is the most effective measure to prevent and control chickenpox. We will step up awareness of chickenpox prevention and conduct routine vaccination and emergency inoculation of chickenpox in accordance with the conditions. In the future, we will focus on prevention and control of chickenpox in students and kindergarten children.