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主要行驶在矿山或山区公路上的汽车经常要下坡,为不使汽车在自身重力作用下不断加速到危险程度,应当对汽车进行持续制动,从而使汽车速度稳定在某个安全值。此外,经常在行车密度高、交通情况复杂的城市街道上行驶的汽车(如市内公共汽车),为避免交通事故,需要进行频繁的不同强度的制动。在这些情况下,单靠行车制动器是难以完成这样的制动任务的。因为行车制动器长时间频繁地工作将使其温度大大增高,以致使制动效能严重衰退甚至完全失效。因此在这种条件下运行的汽车,往往有必要增设辅助制动装置。辅助制动装置的作用既是在不使用或少使用行车制动器的条件下,使车辆速度降低或保持稳定,但不能将车辆紧急制停,这种作用称为缓速作用。辅助制动装置中用以产生制动力矩对车辆起缓速作用的部件称为缓速器。
Cars that mainly run on mines or mountain roads often go downhill. In order not to accelerate the car to dangerous levels under its own gravity, the car should be continuously braked so that the car speed is stabilized at a certain safety value. In addition, vehicles (such as city buses) often driving on urban streets with high traffic density and traffic conditions require frequent braking with different intensities to avoid traffic accidents. Under these circumstances, it is difficult to accomplish such a braking task with service brakes alone. Because the service brake will work frequently for a long time will make its temperature greatly increased, so that a serious deteriorating braking performance even completely failed. Therefore, running in this condition of the car, it is often necessary to add auxiliary brake. The function of the auxiliary brake device is to reduce or stabilize the vehicle speed without using or reducing the service brake, but not to stop the vehicle in an emergency. This function is called retarder function. The part of the auxiliary brake that acts to slow down the vehicle to generate a braking torque is called a retarder.