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本文结合政策文本分析和社会调查,讨论农村广播电视政策演变的历程,重点讨论政策实践。农村广播电视的发展,可以分为有线广播时代和电视时代两个阶段。有线广播时代国家实行中央集权的计划经济体制,有线广播的建设维护完全依赖国家拨款。电视是在中央放权让利的政策背景下发展起来的,经过几番调整,广播电视被宣布成为第三产业,可以作为企业经营。从此,中央和地方政府之间、上级和下级政府之间,不再仅仅是行政关系,经济利益的冲突反复出现在上下级有关政策的制定和执行中。
This article combines the policy text analysis and social surveys to discuss the evolution of rural radio and television policy, focusing on policy practice. The development of rural radio and television can be divided into two stages: cable broadcasting and television. In the era of cable broadcasting, the state adopted a centrally planned economy and the construction and maintenance of cable broadcasting relied entirely on state funding. Television was developed under the policy of decentralization and profit sharing by the Central Government. After several adjustments, radio and television were declared as tertiary industries and could be run as enterprises. From then on, the relations between the central and local governments, the superior and the subordinate governments are no longer merely administrative relations, and the conflicts of economic interests repeatedly appear in the formulation and implementation of relevant policies at the lower and upper levels.