论文部分内容阅读
欧洲的波兰、捷克斯洛伐克、匈牙利、罗马尼亚,保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚等六个人民民主国家随着社会主义工业化,在农业生产战线上也获得了巨大成就,沿着农业集体化、机械化的道路稳步前进。欧洲各人民民主国家在建立人民民主制度以前,在农业上一直保持着半封建的生产关系,土地占有非常集中。即在解放前工业已经相当发达的捷克斯洛伐克,农民们也被牢牢地束缚在封建的剥削制度下。在一九三○年,占捷克斯洛伐克全体农户约百分之七十的拥有五公顷(一公顷合十五市亩)以下耕地的农户,只占有全部耕地面积百分之十五左右;而占全体农户百分之一的拥有五十公顷以上田地的大地主,却占有全部耕地面积的百分之四十三以上。在罗马尼亚,根据一九四一年的农业统计,半数以上的农民每户只有不到三公顷的土地;而不到八千户的地主却每户拥有五十到一千公顷的土地。匈牙利在战前是一个典型的农业国家。但是,在实行土地改革以前,匈牙利全国耕地面积的一半属於地主所有,而这些地主在全国总农户中还不及百分之一;另一方面,
With the socialist industrialization of six people’s democracies in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania in Europe, great achievements have also been made in the field of agricultural production and their progress along the path of agricultural collectivization and mechanization has progressed. Before the establishment of the system of people’s democracy, various people’s and democracies in Europe have maintained a semi-feudal production relationship in agriculture and land ownership is very concentrated. That is, before the liberation of the already well-developed industry in Czechoslovakia, peasants were also firmly tied to the feudal system of exploitation. In 1930, about 70% of the total landowners in Czechoslovakia owned only about 15% of the total arable land, while the share of One in every 1% of the landowners with land above 50 hectares occupy more than 43% of the total arable land. In Romania, according to the 1941 agricultural statistics, more than half of the peasants have less than three hectares of land per household, whereas less than eight thousand landlords each have between 50 and 1,000 hectares of land. Hungary was a typical agricultural country before the war. Before the implementation of the land reform, however, half of the country’s total arable land was owned by the landlords, which were less than 1% of the total rural households in the country. On the other hand,