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为了加强港口管理,必须尽早制订《港口法》。港口法在世界上受到许多国家的重视。今年5月31日至6月3日,联合国贸易与发展会议在法国敦刻尔克专门召开了有关港口立法、赔偿责任和保险的国际研讨会,决定成立国际港口律师协会。我国也派出两名代表参加了研讨会。 为了使我国的港口法尽早地出台,本文对港口法的国际渊源作一探讨,以求对起草工作有所裨益。 自1897年国际海事委员会在布鲁塞尔成立以来,制订了许多涉及海洋运输方面各类问题的国际公约,例如:1923年国际海港制度公约,1926年统一船舶优先权和抵押权若干法律规定的国际公约和1952年统一有关扣留海运船舶的若干规定的公约等。作为远洋运输业务的主要部分,港口对于远洋运输来说,既是起点又是终点,这就不能不受到国际法规的影响。港口管理在不同程度上会受到各种国际公约的制约,对于港务局来说,既享有权利又要承担义务。
In order to strengthen port management, the “Port Law” must be formulated as soon as possible. The port law in the world by many countries attention. From May 31 to June 3 this year, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development convened an international seminar on port legislation, liability and insurance in Dunkirk, France, and decided to set up an international port lawyer association. My country also sent two representatives to the seminar. In order to make our country’s port law promulgated as soon as possible, this article discusses the international origin of port law in order to be helpful for the drafting work. Since its establishment in Brussels in 1897, the International Maritime Committee has formulated a number of international conventions dealing with various aspects of maritime transport such as the International Convention on Ports and Systems, 1923, the International Convention on the Unification of Maritime Liens and Mortgages, 1926, 1952 unification of the seizure of certain provisions of the maritime shipping conventions. As a major part of the ocean shipping business, the port is neither a starting point nor an end point for ocean-going transport, which can not but be affected by international laws and regulations. To varying degrees, port management will be subject to various international conventions. For the port authority, it has both rights and obligations.