为了更好地借鉴其它国家的经验,本文比较了美国、日本和欧洲四国(英、法、德、瑞典)在科技组织、政策和战略下的异同。这些国家用不同的方式分配经费和人力,协调科技项目,评价科技系统的效率,并且它们也都面临着如何调整科技体制以适应这个迅速发展的时代的问题。 In order to better learn from the experience of other countries, this article compares the similarities and differences between the United States, Japan and four European countries (Britain, France, Germany and Sweden) under the framework of science and technology, policies and strategies. These countries allocate funds and manpower in different ways, coordinate science and technology projects, evaluate the efficiency of science and technology systems, and they all face the same problem of how to adjust the scientific and technological system to adapt to this rapidly developing age.