通过渭北旱塬黑垆土8年定位试验,研究了秸秆还田下6种耕作方式,即连年翻耕(CT/CT)、免耕(NT/NT)、深松(ST/ST)和免耕/深松(NT/ST)、翻耕/免耕(CT/NT)、翻耕/深松(CT/ST)对土壤团聚体、有机碳、作物产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明:与CT/CT相比,NT/NT、ST/ST及3种轮耕措施减小了土壤力稳性团聚体的平均质量直径;NT/NT、ST/ST和NT/ST措施增加了20～50 cm土层>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的含量(WR_(0.25))和平均质量直径,降低了土壤团聚体结构破坏率(PAD)。在0～10 cm土层,NT/ST、CT/NT、NT/NT和ST/ST处理的土壤有机碳含量显著高于CT/CT处理。随着土层加深,各耕作处理土壤有机碳含量下降,但3种单一耕作处理(ST/ST、NT/NT和CT/CT)下降幅度大于3种轮耕处理(CT/NT、ST/CT和NT/ST)。与CT/CT相比,其他5种耕作方式均增加了农田0～200 cm土层的土壤蓄水量、作物产量和水分利用效率,其中,NT/ST处理的作物产量和WUE分别提高了15.1%、27.5%,差异达显著水平。相关分析表明,玉米产量、WUE与0～200 cm土层生育期和休闲期的蓄水量呈显著正相关,且生育期蓄水量与0～50 cm土层的WR_(0.25)呈显著正相关,与PAD呈显著负相关;其中,20～50 cm土层的WR_(0.25)、PAD与玉米产量、生育期蓄水以及WUE关系最密切;生育期蓄水量和WUE还与0～10 cm土层的有机碳含量呈显著正相关。综合考虑不同耕作措施对土壤结构、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响,免耕/深松是最适宜于渭北旱塬区黑垆土春玉米种植的耕作方式。 Through 8 years’ location experiment of black mulch in Weibei dryland, this paper studied 6 kinds of tillage methods under the condition of returning straw to field (CT / CT, NT / NT, ST / ST) Soil aggregates, organic carbon, crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of NT / ST, CT / NT and CT / ST influences. The results showed that compared with CT / CT, NT / NT, ST / ST and three kinds of tillage trenches reduced the average mass diameter of soil stable aggregates; NT / NT, ST / ST and NT / ST measures increased The content of water-stable aggregates (WR 0.25) and average mass diameter of soil aggregates> 0.25 mm in 20 ~ 50 cm soil layer decreased the soil aggregate structure failure rate (PAD). In 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer, soil organic carbon content of NT / ST, CT / NT, NT / NT and ST / ST treatments was significantly higher than that of CT / CT treatments. With the deepening of soil layers, soil organic carbon content decreased in all farming practices. However, the decline rates of three kinds of single tillage treatments (ST / ST, NT / NT and CT / CT) And NT / ST). Compared with CT / CT, the other five tillage methods increased the soil water storage, crop yield and water use efficiency of 0 ~ 200 cm soil layer, of which NT / ST treatment increased the yield and WUE by 15.1 %, 27.5%, the difference reached a significant level. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between corn yield and water storage during growing and fallow in 0 ~ 200 cm soil layer, and the water storage capacity at growing stage was significantly positive correlated with WR_ (0.25) at 0 ~ 50 cm soil layer And PAD was negatively correlated with PAD. Among them, WR_ (0.25) and PAD in 20 ~ 50 cm soil layer were most closely related to corn yield, growth period storage and WUE; cm soil organic carbon content was significantly positive correlation. Considering the effects of different tillage practices on soil structure, crop yield and water use efficiency, no-tillage / deep-tillage is the best tillage mode for spring corn planting on black mound soil in Weibei dryland.