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针对游梁式抽油机电动机转速存在波动、皮带传动负载扭矩波动大、皮带纵向弹性变形交变的特点,将皮带简化为无质量的具有抗拉刚度的弹簧,并综合考虑电动机转速波动、皮带与带轮之间滑动摩擦力、皮带传动瞬时负载扭矩对带轮滑动角以及等效弹簧刚度的影响,建立了游梁式抽油机皮带传动装置的动力学仿真模型。根据主从动轮瞬时转速、电动机瞬时输出扭矩的仿真结果,建立了游梁式抽油机皮带瞬时传动效率的仿真模型。仿真结果表明:1)电动机转速存在波动,皮带的纵向交变弹性变形加剧了电动机转速的高频波动;2)从动轮与主动轮之间存在转差损失,降低了皮带传动效率;3)系统达到稳定状态后,皮带传动效率呈周期性变化,皮带传动效率的变化幅度取决于负载扭矩特性。皮带平均传动效率随负载扭矩幅值的增加而降低、随扭矩平衡度的降低而降低;4)游梁式抽油机皮带的平均传动效率一般低于90%。当负载扭矩幅值较大,且扭矩平衡度较低时,皮带的平均传动效率会低于85%。
In view of the fluctuation of the motor speed of the beam pumping unit, the fluctuation of the load torque of the belt transmission and the longitudinal elastic deformation of the belt, the belt is simplified into a massless spring with tensile rigidity and the motor speed fluctuation is comprehensively considered. The belt And the sliding friction between pulleys, the instantaneous load torque of the belt drive on the pulley sliding angle and the equivalent spring stiffness, a kinetic simulation model of the belt drive of the beam pumping unit was established. According to the simulation results of the instantaneous rotational speed of the main and driven wheels and the instantaneous output torque of the motor, a simulation model of the instantaneous transmission efficiency of the belt beam of a beam pumping unit was established. The simulation results show that: 1) the motor speed fluctuates and the longitudinal deformation of the belt aggravates the high frequency fluctuation of the motor speed; 2) there is a slip loss between the driven wheel and the driving wheel, which reduces the belt transmission efficiency; 3) After reaching a steady state, the transmission efficiency of the belt changes cyclically, and the variation of belt transmission efficiency depends on the load torque characteristics. The average belt transmission efficiency decreases with the increase of the load torque amplitude and decreases with the decrease of the torque balance degree. 4) The average transmission efficiency of the beam of the beam pumping unit is generally lower than 90%. When the load torque amplitude is large, and the torque balance is low, the average belt transmission efficiency will be less than 85%.