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利用挤压铸造,采用正交试验和极差分析法优化了Al2O3和C短纤维混杂增强ZL109金属基复合材料中纤维的加入量和制备工艺参数。结果表明:当Al2O3体积分数为12%时,复合材料的抗拉强度和耐磨性最佳;复合材料的抗拉强度随着C纤维含量的增加略有下降,但耐磨性逐渐增加。当压力大于50MPa时,压力变化对复合材料抗拉强度和耐磨性影响不大。预制块预热温度较低和浇注温度较高时,复合材料的抗拉强度和耐磨性能较低。优化结果为:Al2O3短纤维体积分数12%、C短纤维体积分数4%、挤压压力110MPa、预制块预热温度400～450℃、浇注温度720～770℃。
By extrusion die casting, orthogonal experiment and range analysis were adopted to optimize the adding amount of fibers and the processing parameters in ZL109 metal matrix composites reinforced by hybridization of Al2O3 and C short fibers. The results show that when the volume fraction of Al2O3 is 12%, the tensile strength and wear resistance of the composites are the best. The tensile strength of the composites decreases slightly with the increase of C fiber content, but the wear resistance increases gradually. When the pressure is greater than 50MPa, the pressure changes have little effect on the tensile strength and wear resistance of the composites. Pre-block preheating temperature is low and pouring temperature is high, the composite tensile strength and wear resistance is low. The optimized results are as follows: the volume fraction of Al2O3 staple fiber is 12%, the volume fraction of C staple fiber is 4%, the extrusion pressure is 110MPa, the temperature of preform is 400-450 ℃ and the pouring temperature is 720-770 ℃.