Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus (LP). Methods: A total of 17 symptomatic LP lesions in 7 Chinese patients were assessed. ALA cre
Increasing interest has been drawn to optical manipulation of metal (plasmonic) nanoparticles due to their unique response on electromagnetic radiation, prompting numerous applications in nanofabrication, photonics, sensing, etc. The familiar point-like l
The relations between scattering angle (SA) and the degree of polarization (DOP) of skylights are studied. Measurements under different sky conditions demonstrate that all relation curves between SA and DOP can be described as parabolas. DOP reaches its p
In this letter, the theoretical model and rate equations of Ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifiers are introduced. The output performance of fiber amplifiers is analyzed through numerical simulations considering three main factors: active fiber leng