严格地说来,治学或从事科学研究不仅是因学而异,即特定的对象有特定的研究方法,例如:不能够用研究文学的方法去研究考古学,更不用说去研究拓扑学了;同时,即使是研究文学,其方法也往往因为研究的重点不同而有所不同,例如研究文学可以有着重历史背景、作者家世、艺术手段等等方面的不同。但这只是一个方面。在另一个方面,无论是研究自然科学,还是研究哲学、社会科学、人文科学,又都有它们共同的方法。换言之,就是有它们都需要解决的共同矛盾。这些矛盾的解决,对于任何一种科学的研究都是有益的,必然有助于存在某一特定的领域内的矛盾的解决。第一,专精与博通的矛盾。任何一门科学 Strictly speaking, the study or scientific research is not only due to different learning, that is, the specific object has specific research methods, such as: can not study the method of archeology, not to mention the study of topology; At the same time, even the research literature, its methods are often different because of the focus of the study, for example, research literature can have different historical backgrounds, author’s family background, artistic means and so on. But this is only one aspect. On the other hand, both the study of natural sciences and the study of philosophy, social sciences and humanities have their common approach. In other words, there are common contradictions that all of them need to solve. These contradictory solutions are beneficial to any kind of scientific research and inevitably contribute to the solution of the contradictions existing in a particular area. First, the contradiction between specialization and Broadcom. Any science