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目的了解2012年广西龙江河镉污染后,柳州市备用水源(非使用市政管网自来水的水源水)的卫生状况,为政府部门制定政策提供科学依据。方法采用现场检查,风险评估调查和抽样检测相结合的方法,对分布在柳州市各城区的97个备用水源的卫生现状进行调查,调查结果数据用Excel录入建库分析。同时随机采集97个备用水源点中的83份水样进行检测。结果本市备用水源饮用水总体合格率为26.8%,与同期市政管网出厂水水质合格率(100%)相比差别有统计学意义(χ2=103.69,P<0.01);自备水井中深层井水质检测合格率明显高于浅层井(χ2=6.75,P<0.01);水源防护好的水源点水质检测合格率明显高于水源防护差的(χ2=6.5,P<0.05);有消毒措施水源点7个,占调查总数的7.22%,有消毒措施水源点水质检测合格率明显高于无消毒措施水源点(χ2=5.4,P<0.05);在水质检测不合格指标中,微生物超标率明显高于理化超标率(χ2=15.47,P<0.01)。结论柳州市可作为备用水源的井水由于卫生管理不善、井深太浅、无消毒措施、卫生防护差的因素,水源水受生物性污染较严重,一旦启用,饮水卫生存在较大健康安全隐患。市政府应组织专家小组对备用水源实施风险评估后进行分类,供城区居民在应急状态下按分类作优先合理使用。政府应重视加大财政投入,加强各相关部门配合,加大对农村饮用水卫生监督执法力度,加强对农村饮用水水质检测工作,提高卫生质量,保障饮用水卫生与安全。
Objective To understand the health condition of spare water source (water source water that is not used in municipal pipe network) after the pollution of cadmium in Longjiang River in Guangxi in 2012, and provide a scientific basis for government departments to formulate policies. Methods A combination of on-site inspection, risk assessment survey and sampling was used to investigate the health status of 97 spare water sources in urban areas of Liuzhou City. The survey data were collected and analyzed by Excel. At the same time, 83 water samples from 97 spare water sources were collected randomly for testing. Results The overall qualified rate of backup water source drinking water in this Municipality was 26.8%, which was significantly different from the qualified rate (100%) of municipal water supply pipelines in the same period (χ2 = 103.69, P <0.01) (Χ2 = 6.75, P <0.01). The qualified rate of water quality protection at water source protection was significantly higher than that of water source protection (χ2 = 6.5, P <0.05) There were 7 water source points, accounting for 7.22% of the total number of surveys. There was a pass rate of disinfection measures at the water source point was significantly higher than that of the non-disinfection water point (χ2 = 5.4, P <0.05). In the unqualified water quality test indicators, Rate was significantly higher than the physical and chemical excess rate (χ2 = 15.47, P <0.01). Conclusion The well water which can be used as standby water source in Liuzhou City is seriously biologically contaminated due to poor sanitation management, too shallow wells, no disinfection measures and poor sanitation protection. Once activated, there is a big health and safety hazard in drinking water sanitation. The municipal government shall organize a group of experts to conduct a risk assessment of the standby water source and classify it for the purpose of giving priority to the rational use of urban residents in accordance with their classification in emergency situations. The government should attach great importance to increasing financial input, strengthen cooperation with relevant departments, increase health supervision and law enforcement of drinking water in rural areas, strengthen the detection of drinking water quality in rural areas, improve the quality of hygiene and ensure the hygiene and safety of drinking water.