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周围神经损伤临床十分常见。目前已知的技术作为周围神经修复方法并不能获得令人满意的临床治疗结果。近年来,大量研究表明外泌体及其包含的生物活性物质在周围神经损伤后具有修复作用,如通过介导轴突再生、活化许旺细胞、调节炎症等途径来恢复神经功能。本文从许旺细胞、间充质干细胞及巨噬细胞来源的外泌体及其包含的生物活性物质的角度来进行外泌体在周围神经修复中的作用及应用进展的总结和展望。“,”Peripheral nerve injury is common in clinical practice. Today, outcomes of peripheral nerve repair are still not satisfactory. Recently, a large number of studies have shown that exosomes and their bioactive substances can repair peripheral nerve injury by mediating axonal regeneration, activating Schwann cells, regulating inflammation and other pathways to restore nerve function. This review aims to summarise and prospect the role and application of exosomes in peripheral nerve repair from the perspective of Schwann cells, mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages derived exosomes and their bioactive substances.