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一、70年代以来的环境变化70年代以来,围绕日本企业的环境变化主要表现在:(1)由于两次石油危机的爆发,能源和原材料价格大幅度上涨,加之公害问题亟待解决,企业被迫实行减量经营,生产方式开始从“少品种大批量”转向“多品种小批量”。(2)由于日元升值的冲击,产品在国际市场上的价格竞争能力被削弱,出口遇到了极大的阻力。(3)由于贸易摩擦愈演愈烈,开始由“出口主导型”转向“内需主导型”,并积极扩大对外直接投资。(4)由于新技术革命的蓬勃兴起,日本经济面临着新的挑战,产业结构开始由资本密集型转向知识密集型,产品结构开始由“重厚长大”转向
First, the environmental changes since the 70s Since the 1970s, environmental changes around the Japanese companies mainly in: (1) due to the outbreak of the two oil crises, a sharp rise in energy and raw materials prices, coupled with the urgent need to solve the problem of pollution, companies are forced The implementation of decrement management, mode of production began to shift from “small varieties of large quantities” to “more varieties of small quantities.” (2) Due to the impact of the appreciation of the yen, the price competitiveness of products in the international market has been weakened, and exports have encountered great resistance. (3) Due to the intensification of trade frictions, China started to shift from “export-oriented” to “domestic demand-led” and actively expanded outward direct investment. (4) As the new technological revolution flourished, the Japanese economy was facing new challenges. The industrial structure began to shift from capital-intensive to knowledge-intensive. The product mix began to shift from “big, strong, big and big” to