要素饮食最初在60年代为宇航员而设计。由于其极易被吸收且不刺激消化酶分泌,随即被广泛应用于治疗多种胃肠道疾患。要素饮食价格较廉,使用方便而少并发症;但患者必须尚有足够的肠吸收功能,加之味异难服,故与全胃肠外营养(TPN)相比互有长短。肠瘘死亡率在1969年前达40％,现在则不足10％,未始均非各种营养疗法之功。要素饮食的成份为氨基酸或低肽类,葡萄糖或低聚糖类,必需脂肪酸如亚油酸乙酯及若干中、长链甘油三酯,多种维生素、电解质及微量元素等。现知,如以水解蛋白为基础辅以若干特定氨基酸,使8种必需氨基酸与其它非必需氨基酸之比例相适应,则反较单用晶体氨基酸易于吸收。所谓半要素饮食,即内含未经消化之白蛋白,味较适口,但消化酶分泌有所增加。高 Essential diets were originally designed for astronauts in the 1960s. Because of its extremely easy to be absorbed and does not stimulate the secretion of digestive enzymes, was immediately used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Elements of diet cheaper, easy to use and fewer complications; but patients must have adequate intestinal absorption function, combined with unpleasant, so compared with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) each other length. The mortality rate of intestinal fistula reached 40% by 1969, but now it is less than 10%. Essential and dietary ingredients are amino acids or low peptides, glucose or oligosaccharides, essential fatty acids such as ethyl linoleate and a number of medium and long-chain triglycerides, vitamins, electrolytes and trace elements. Now know, such as hydrolyzed protein based on a number of specific amino acids supplemented, so that the eight essential amino acids and other non-essential amino acid ratio to adapt, the single crystalline amino acid is relatively easy to absorb. The so-called semi-prime diet, which contains unaltered albumin, tastes more palatable, but digestive enzymes increased secretion. high