利用GIS技术模拟黄土坡耕地微地形空间分布特征,并对其水土保持效应进行研究。结果表明:1)地表微地形起伏大小依次为等高耕作>人工掏挖>人工锄耕>直线坡面(CK),和CK相比,人工锄耕与人工掏挖微地形呈随机相间的坑洼特征,等高耕作呈沟垄相间的空间特征;雨后CK、人工锄耕、人工掏挖与等高耕作方式下地表高程平均分别降低0.015、0.014、0.018和0.015 m。2)除CK地表填洼量为增大外,其余方式均为减小;地表产流时间依次为直线坡面<人工掏挖<人工锄耕<等高耕作。3)产流量随降雨时间呈先增大,后趋于平稳的过程。4)与CK相比,等高耕作、人工锄耕和人工掏挖产流量分别减小38.17%、17.88%和9.43%。5)产沙量随降雨时间呈先增大,后减小并逐渐趋于稳定的过程,与CK相比,等高耕作、人工锄耕和人工掏挖产沙量分别减小65.6%、36.3%和23.4%。6)坡度对产流产沙的影响主要是坡度越大,产流时间越早,产流产沙量也越大。因此,不同耕作方式的水土保持效应与其形成的地表微地形空间特征密切相关。 Using GIS technology to simulate the spatial distribution characteristics of micro-topography on the loess sloping farmland and to study its water and soil conservation effects. The results showed as follows: 1) The microtopography of surface topography showed the order of contouring> artificial digging> artificial hoeing> linear slope (CK). Compared with CK, the micro-topography of artificial hoeing and artificial digging were randomly Depression, contour and contour tillage showed spatial characteristics of ditch and ridge. The average ground surface elevation of CK, artificial hoeing, artificial digging and contour tillage decreased by 0.015, 0.014, 0.018 and 0.015 m respectively. 2) In addition to CK surface fill depression to increase, the rest are reduced; surface runoff time followed by a straight slope