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黄河最突出的问题是水少沙多,导致下游河道不断淤积抬高,防洪形势日趋严重.为了深入了解黄河下游河道输沙规律,确定河道泥沙冲淤与来水来沙和区间引水之间的关系,建立了适合黄河下游特点的泥沙数学模型,并利用实测资料对模型进行了率定和验证.然后,利用泥沙数学模型就小浪底水库调水调沙运用对下游河道的减淤作用、区间引水与河道冲淤关系、以及下游河道临界平衡等问题进行了研究.给出了下游河道冲淤临界平衡阈值,指出了通过小浪底水库调水调沙运用和控制下游区间引水可以有效地减轻黄河下游河道淤积,为小浪底水库的运用、区间引水和水土保持等提供了量化指标.
The most prominent problem of the Yellow River is the lack of water and sand, resulting in continuous siltation of the lower reaches of the river, flood control increasingly serious situation.In order to better understand the law of sediment transport in the lower reaches of the Yellow River to determine river sediment scouring and water and sand and inter-interval water diversion The mathematical model of sediment suitable for the characteristics of the lower Yellow River has been set up and the model has been calibrated and validated with the measured data.And then the sediment mathematical model has been used to study the effect of water and sediment regulation in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir , The relationship between interval water diversion and river channel erosion and deposition, and the critical balance of the lower reaches of the river have been studied.The critical balance threshold of scouring and silting in the lower reaches of the river has been given, and it has been pointed out that the control of the water diversion and sedimentation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir can effectively reduce the water diversion The siltation of the lower reaches of the Yellow River provides quantitative indicators for the Xiaolangdi Reservoir’s utilization, interval water diversion and soil and water conservation.