明清时期是黄河下游河道动荡剧烈、决溢高发的时期。通过对正史及相关方志资料的检索,可将黄淮平原的黄河水患分为两个时段,即明洪武至嘉靖间,决溢较少,多股并流多发;隆庆至清咸丰朝,改道减少,决溢增多,峰值出现于崇祯、顺治两朝。黄河水患的空间分布亦可以隆庆为界划分,隆庆之前多发地在豫东,隆庆至清咸丰朝转移至苏北。多次发生的决溢在农作物、土壤、民产、人口、沟洫等方面对农业经济带来了多元化的冲击,迫使民人对农作物种植进行部分调整。同时,溢出的河水还对建筑、财富、微地貌、人口、水运航道等城市经济发展诸要素带来极大损害,多数城市堕入发展困境,清江浦的繁荣畸形而难续长久。黄淮平原城乡经济的共同“消沉”导致了这一传统经济繁荣区的盛衰递变,弱化了其在我国传统社会末期经济地理格局的区域优势。 Ming and Qing Dynasties is a period of violent turmoil in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, overflowing overflow. Through the retrieval of historical records and relevant local records, the Yellow River floods in the Huang-Huai Plain can be divided into two periods, that is, the flood between Hongwu and Jiajing was less, the overflow was more and the multiple stocks co-flowed more and more. From Longqing to Qing Xianfeng, diversions were reduced , Overflow overflow, the peak appeared in Chongzhen, Shunzhi two dynasties. The spatial distribution of floods in the Yellow River can also be divided according to the boundaries of Longqing, before Longqing occurred frequently in the eastern part of Henan, Longqing to Qing Xianfeng shifted to northern Jiangsu. The repeated occurrences of the crisis have brought diversified impacts on the agricultural economy in fields such as crops, soil, population, population and ditch and forced some people to make partial adjustments to crop cultivation. At the same time, the spilled river water has also caused great damage to various elements of urban economic development such as construction, wealth, micro-topography, population and waterway. Most cities are in a dilemma of development and Qingjiangpu’s prosperity and deformity are hard to continue for a long time. The common “depression” of urban and rural economy in the Huang-Huai Plain has led to the prosperity and decline of this traditional and prosperous region and weakened its regional superiority in the economic and geographical pattern of the traditional society in our country.