上海按照合作制原则改革城镇小企业,已经历了三个发展阶段。第一阶段是1988年开始的市区第一家工业小企业——主人印刷厂的改革试点,第二阶段是1992年开始改革经验的推广。第三个阶段是1993年末、1994年初开始的将合作制原则移植到一部分国有企业。 Shanghai has reformed small and medium-sized enterprises in accordance with the principle of cooperation and has undergone three stages of development. The first stage was the pilot reform of the owner’s printing factory, the first industrial small enterprise in the city since 1988, and the second stage was the promotion of reform experience in 1992. The third stage was the transition of the cooperative system principle to some state-owned enterprises beginning in late 1993 and early 1994.