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在对特种平车(如双层集装箱凹底平车)进行120km/h线路动力学试验中,多次出现重车下心盘处垂向加速度过大,甚至高于车辆空载时的异常现象,而同时试验的其他敞车或棚车等却没有此问题。在对试验取得的垂向加速度频谱分析后,发现车体振动的主要频率高于车体的低阶弹性自振频率,并且响应主频会随着车速的提高而线性增大,这与之前一些研究认为加速度过大是由线路不平顺激起车体的弹性振动结果不一致。为了解其机理,建立具有刚柔耦合车体的凹底平车整车非线性动力学模型进行仿真,并与C70敞车的仿真结果进行了对比,仿真结果与试验基本一致。结果表明,加速度超标的主要因是:在线路不平顺激扰下,重车时转向架减振斜楔产生较大冲击力作用于凹底平车心盘,而此处的等效被冲击质量偏小,从而在车体心盘处产生较大的垂向加速度。
In the dynamic test of 120km / h line on special flat car (such as double-deck container car), the vertical acceleration at the center of the undercarriage appeared many times, even higher than the abnormal phenomenon when the car is no-load, At the same time, other gondola cars or boxes tested at the same time did not have this problem. After analyzing the vertical acceleration spectrum obtained from the experiment, it is found that the main frequency of the body vibration is higher than the low-order elastic natural frequency of the vehicle body, and the response frequency increases linearly with the increase of the vehicle speed, The study shows that the acceleration is too large is caused by the line is not smooth elastic body vibration results inconsistent. In order to understand its mechanism, the nonlinear dynamic model of the car with concave-flat car with rigid-flexible coupling body was established and compared with the simulation results of the C70 gondola car. The simulation results were in good agreement with those of the test. The results show that the main reason for the acceleration is: Under the interference of the line irregularity, when the truck is in the heavy truck, the vibration damping wedge of the bogie will have a big impact force to act on the flat bottom plate heart plate, and the equivalent impact mass here Smaller, resulting in the body at the center of the disk to produce greater vertical acceleration.