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为了开发西北干旱地区土壤潜在肥力并提高土壤水分利用效率,笔者以解钾细菌为供试菌种,西北干旱地区代表性土壤矿物钾长石和伊利石为供试基质,采用实验室培养的方式,研究不同水分和接菌浓度条件下解钾细菌对土壤矿物的解钾效应,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电镜和能谱分析技术探究解钾细菌对矿物形貌和结构成分的影响。结果表明,解钾细菌对钾长石和伊利石均有显著的解钾效应,该作用受水分、接菌浓度因素影响显著。钾长石最佳接菌量15%、最佳含水量70%;伊利石最佳接菌量20%、最佳含水量70%。钾长石受解钾细菌作用发生溶蚀,K含量降低,Si/Al降低,说明解钾细菌不但可以释放钾长石中的钾元素,还可溶出Si元素并用以自身的生长需求。伊利石受解钾细菌作用层间电荷降低,铝氧八面体中2价阳离子释放,层间电荷降低,造成层间K+离子和吸附水的释放。伊利石傅里叶变换红外光谱曲线显示K元素的释放与层间水分子的释放有关。因此,进一步研究解钾细菌作用下的土壤粘土矿物Si、Fe等元素的迁移,以及层间K元素与层间水分子的相互作用具有重要的生态意义。
In order to develop soil potential fertility and improve soil water use efficiency in arid areas of northwestern China, the author took potassium-solubilizing bacteria as tested species, representative soil mineral potassium feldspar and illite in arid areas of Northwest China as test substrates, and adopted laboratory cultivation methods. To investigate the potassium-releasing effect of potassium-solubilizing bacteria on soil minerals under different water and inoculation concentrations, the effects of potassium-solubilizing bacteria on mineralogical and structural components were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The results showed that potassium-solubilizing bacteria had significant potassium-releasing effect on potash feldspar and illite, and the effect was significantly affected by water and bacterial inoculum concentration. The best amount of potash feldspar 15%, the optimal water content 70%; illite optimum amount of bacteria 20%, the optimal water content 70%. Potassium feldspar dissolution by potassium solution bacteria, K decreased, Si / Al decreased, indicating that potassium-releasing bacteria can not only release potassium potassium feldspar, but also dissolve the Si element and its own growth needs. The dissolution of illite by potassium-solubilizing bacteria reduces the interlayer charge and releases the divalent cations in the aluminum-oxygen octahedron, reducing the inter-layer charge, resulting in the release of interlayer K + ions and adsorbed water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy shows that the release of K element is related to the release of water molecules in the interlayer. Therefore, it is of great ecological significance to further study the migration of Si, Fe and other elements under the action of potassium-solubilizing bacteria and the interaction between K element and water layer.