为了解决棉花生产、流通中的质量问题,依法加大对棉花质量违法行为的打击力度,维护棉花市场秩序,保护棉花交易各方的合法权益,2001年8月3日国务院颁布了《棉花质量监督管理条例》（以下简称《条例》）。《条例》总结和吸纳了以往棉花质量监督方面行之有效的制度和措施,考虑了当前棉花流通体制深化改革的需要,在棉花质量监督管理方面确立了两项制度,一是棉花质量公证检验制度,二是棉花质量监督检查制度。下面重点谈谈棉花质量监督检查制度。 一、为什么要建立棉花质量监督检查制度 （一）强化棉花质量监督是进一步深化棉花流通体制改革的前提。 棉花是我国的优势纤维,也是关系国计民生的重要农 In order to solve the quality problems in the cotton production and circulation, increase efforts to crack down on illegal cotton quality, safeguard the order of the cotton market and protect the lawful rights and interests of all parties involved in the cotton transaction. On August 3, 2001, the State Council promulgated the “Cotton Quality Supervision Management Ordinance ”(hereinafter referred to as“ Ordinance ”). The Regulations summarize and absorb the effective systems and measures for the past cotton quality supervision, consider the current need for deepening the reform of the cotton circulation system and establish two systems in cotton quality supervision and management. The first is the cotton quality certification system Second, cotton quality supervision and inspection system. The following focus on cotton quality supervision and inspection system. First, why should establish the system of cotton quality supervision and inspection (A) to strengthen cotton quality supervision is to further deepen the reform of the cotton circulation system. Cotton is the dominant fiber in our country and is also an important peasant related to national economy and the people’s livelihood