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目的分析乌鲁木齐市10年来尘肺病的流行病学特征,为尘肺病防控工作的开展提供科学依据。方法对2004—2013年乌鲁木齐市新发尘肺病例进行汇总,采用SPSS 21.0进行统计分析。结果累计报告1 058例尘肺病例,涉及13个行业,以煤炭、有色金属、制造业和电力为主,分别占总报告数的32.89%、1 7.58%、1 3.42%和11.06%。报告的9种尘肺类型中以煤工尘肺和矽肺居多,分别占总报告病例数的46.695%和43.29%。男女性别之比为13.7:1。诊断时平均年龄为(60.69±13.76)岁,平均接尘工龄为(18.99±9.67)a。不同期别发病年龄差异有统计学意义(F=35.432,P<0.01),不同期别接尘工龄差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐市尘肺病发病形势严峻,应加强对重点区域、重点行业和重点工种的防护监测,有效控制尘肺病的发生。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis during the past 10 years in Urumqi and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis. Methods The new cases of pneumoconiosis in Urumqi from 2004 to 2013 were collected and analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Results A total of 1 058 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported involving 13 industries, mainly coal, non-ferrous metals, manufacturing and electricity, accounting for 32.89%, 7.58%, 13.42% and 11.06% of the total respectively. Of the nine types of pneumoconiosis reported, most were coal worker’s pneumoconiosis and silicosis, accounting for 46.695% and 43.29% of the total reported cases respectively. The ratio of male to female is 13.7: 1. The average age at diagnosis was (60.69 ± 13.76) years and the average dusting age was (18.99 ± 9.67) a. There were significant differences in age at different stages (F = 35.432, P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the length of labor between different stages of dust collection (P> 0.05). Conclusion The incidence of pneumoconiosis in Urumqi is very serious. Protection and surveillance should be strengthened in key areas, key industries and key occupations, and the occurrence of pneumoconiosis should be effectively controlled.