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目的 检测妇科肿瘤ｐ５３ 基因第５ ～８ 外显子的突变并探讨其临床意义。方法 用聚合酶链反应—单链构象多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ ＳＳＣＰ）银染技术，检测了１４８ 例子宫平滑肌瘤、１６ 例子宫内膜癌、１５ 例宫颈癌、１７ 例卵巢癌的新鲜肿瘤组织ｐ５３ 基因第５ ～８ 外显子的突变。结果 子宫平滑肌瘤ｐ５３ 基因突变率为４．０５ ％ （６／１４８） ，第５～８ 外显子的突变率分别为０ 、１．３５ ％ 、０．６８ ％ 和２．０３ ％ 。突变组的发病年龄、临床症状、术中所见、术式选择及病理特征均与非突变组相似。子宫内膜癌ｐ５３ 基因突变率为１２．５ ％ （２／１６） ，宫颈癌为１３．３％ （２／１５） ，卵巢癌为２９．４ ％ （５／１７） 。结论 人子宫平滑肌瘤存在ｐ５３ 基因突变，但不是子宫平滑肌瘤的特征性改变
Objective To detect mutations in exon 5-8 of p53 gene in gynecologic tumors and explore its clinical significance. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) silver staining was used to detect 148 cases of uterine leiomyoma, 16 cases of endometrial carcinoma, 15 cases of cervical cancer, and 17 cases of ovarian cancer. Mutations in exon 5-8 of the tumor tissue p53 gene. Results The mutation rate of p53 gene in uterine leiomyoma was 4.05% (6/148). The mutation rates of exon 5-8 were 0, 1.35 %, 0.68 % and 2.03 %, respectively. The onset age, clinical symptoms, intraoperative findings, surgical selection, and pathological features of the mutation group were similar to those of the non-mutation group. The mutation rate of p53 gene in endometrial cancer was 12.5% (2/16), 13.3% (2/15) in cervical cancer and 29.4% (5/17) in ovarian cancer. Conclusion There is a p53 gene mutation in human uterine leiomyoma, but it is not characteristic of uterine leiomyoma