芬兰采矿工业近二十年来获得了显著发展。1950年以后开发了二十多个新矿山,其中大部分是地下开采。采矿总量从1950年的310万吨增至1976年的1400万吨。采矿方法也随之不断改进。各矿山使用了不同的采矿方法,如:房柱法、留矿法,分层充填法、分层崩落与分段采矿法。最后一种方法已在芬兰得到广泛应用(见表1)其主要原因是:1.芬兰的绝大部分矿床均经过强烈变质作用,其产状近于垂直,并分段采矿法对倾角大于55°的矿床最适宜;2.围岩较坚硬(通常是60百万牛顿/米~2)且少裂隙;3.这种方法有一定的适应性且易于实现机械化,所有工作都在水平巷道中进行,故 Finland’s mining industry has seen significant growth in the last two decades. After 1950, more than 20 new mines were developed, most of them underground. The total amount of mining increased from 3.1 million tons in 1950 to 14 million tons in 1976. Mining methods also will continue to improve. Various mines use different mining methods, such as: the column and column method, retention method, stratified filling method, stratification and subsidence and sub-mining method. The last method has been widely used in Finland (see Table 1). The main reasons are: 1. The vast majority of Finnish deposits have undergone strong metamorphism and their occurrence is near vertical, ° deposit is the most suitable; 2 the surrounding rock is hard (usually 60 million N / m 2) and less fractured; 3. this method has some adaptability and is easy to mechanize and all work in horizontal tunnels So, so