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目的了解潜水捕捞作业对潜捕员的职业影响及潜捕员的听力损失情况。方法选择在市渔政监督管理局管辖的北海市沿海9个乡镇常年进行潜水捕捞作业的潜捕员190人作为调查组,并以市渔监局及该9个乡镇渔监管理人员212人作为对照组,对其采用丹麦产的DA64型听力计进行听力测定并根据较好耳语频(500Hz、1000Hz、2000Hz)平均听阈进行听力损失判定和诊断分级。结果共有63名潜捕员检出有听力损失,检出率为33.2%(63/190),与对照组的听力损失检出率(15.1%,32/212)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。调查组听力损失以听力损失Ⅱ级为多,占44.4%,其次为听力损失Ⅰ级和Ⅲ级,分别占39.7%和15.9%;对照组的听力损失分级以听力损失Ⅰ级为多,占75.0%,经统计学分析,调查组与对照组的听力损失分级构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同工龄听力损失检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),工龄越长,听力损失检出率越高。结论潜水捕捞作业可能对潜捕员的听力产生不良影响,应加强潜捕员的听力保护工作。
Objectives To understand the occupational effects of diving fishing operations on snorkelers and the hearing loss of snorkelers. Methods A total of 190 people who had been engaged in the diving fishing operations in nine towns along the coast of Beihai City under the jurisdiction of the Municipal Bureau of Fishery Supervision were selected as the investigation team and 212 Municipal Fishery Supervision and Administration Bureaus In the control group, audiometry was performed on a DA64 audiometer made in Denmark and the hearing loss determination and diagnostic grading were performed according to the aural hearing threshold (500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz). Results A total of 63 snorkelers were detected hearing loss, the detection rate was 33.2% (63/190), which was significantly different from the control group (15.1%, 32/212) P <0.01). Hearing loss in the investigation group with hearing loss of grade Ⅱ, accounting for 44.4%, followed by hearing loss grade Ⅰ and Ⅲ, accounting for 39.7% and 15.9%, respectively; hearing loss grading to hearing loss grade Ⅰ for more, accounting for 75.0 %. According to statistical analysis, there was a significant difference in hearing loss classification between the investigation group and the control group (P <0.01). There were significant differences in the detection rate of hearing loss among different working ages (P <0.01). The longer the working age, the higher the detection rate of hearing loss. Conclusion Diving fishing operations may have a negative impact on the hearing of snorkelers, and the hearing protection of snorkelers should be strengthened.