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中国传统史学源远流长,内容丰富多彩,前后经历先秦伦理史学、汉唐叙事史学、宋明义理史学、清代考证史学几种主要形态。史学形态的嬗变导致历史知识社会功能的转型。大致说来,先秦伦理史学和宋明义理史学突出史义,其历史知识社会功能主要表现为以伦理道德为旨归的教化类型;汉唐叙事史学和清代考证史学突出史事,其历史知识社会功能主要表现为以直书善恶为旨归的取鉴类型。两种类型的史学各有利弊得失,对当时和后世均产生了深刻影响。
Chinese traditional history has a long history, rich and colorful content, before and after experiencing Qin ethnographic history, Han and Tang Dynasties narrative history, Song and Ming and Yi historians, Qing Dynasty textual research several main forms of history. The evolution of the historical morphology led to the transformation of social functions of historical knowledge. Generally speaking, ethnographic historiography of the pre-Qin period and historiography of the Song and Ming dynasties give prominence to historical relics, and their social function of historical knowledge mainly manifests as the type of enlightenment which aims at ethics and morals; historiography of Han and Tang Dynasties and historiography of Qing Dynasty textual research highlight historical events and their historical knowledge Social function is mainly manifested in the type of direct book for the purpose of good and evil. The pros and cons of each of the two types of history have had a profound impact on both the time and the future.