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在公主岭(玉米所试验区)与农安县高家店镇设对比试验,于1989—1990年研究了46个组合的14个性状在两地表现的差异。结果表明: 1.两地气温、降水和土壤肥力存在着显著差异。公主岭地力高,气温高,降雨多,基因型的增产潜力得到充分发挥,穗大粒重,玉米产量高。而高家店肥力差且低温少雨。少雨与肥力低影响玉米的营养生长与生殖生长,低温延迟生育期,减缓发育速度,限制“库”潜力的发挥,使产量显著降低。 2.公主岭对产量贡献最大的产量因素是每行粒数和穗行数;而高家店则是每行粒数,且百粒重为主要限制因子。 3.由于公主岭与高家店生态条件差异较大,许多在公主岭选育的组合不适于高家店,明显减产。据此,选育适于四平地区的品种应注重穗长,行稍多、粒较大。长春西部与白城地区的育种目标则应为穗长,中粗,中粒。应在长春与白城地区设育种站,结合公主岭育种基地进行选育,以培育适应性更广的玉米新品种。
In Gongzhuling (pilot area of corn) and Gao’andian Town, Nong’an County, a comparative experiment was conducted. From 1989 to 1990, 14 performance traits of 46 combinations were studied. The results show that: 1. There is a significant difference in temperature, precipitation and soil fertility between the two places. Gongzhuling high ground temperature, high temperature, rainfall, genotype yield potential have been fully exerted, spike large grain weight, high yield of corn. High store poor fertility and low temperature and rain. Low rainfall and low fertility affected the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of maize, delayed the growth period at low temperature, slowed down the development speed and restricted the potential of “sink”, thus significantly reducing the yield. 2. Gongzhuling output contribution to the largest yield factors is the number of rows per row and ear rows; and high store is the number of particles per line, and 100 grain weight as the main limiting factor. 3. Due to the large differences in ecological conditions between Gongzhuling and Gaochang, many combinations selected at Gongzhuling are not suitable for Gaoshu and have obviously reduced production. Accordingly, breeding varieties suitable for Siping should pay attention to the spike length, line slightly larger, larger grain. Breeding objectives in the western Changchun and Baicheng areas should be spike length, coarse, medium grain. Breeding stations should be set up in Changchun and Baicheng areas in combination with Gongzhuling Breeding Base to breed new varieties of corn with wider adaptability.