[目的]利用SSR标记分析我国几大小麦产区主栽品种中抗锈品种的遗传多样性,为小麦抗条锈育种亲本材料的选择提供参考。[方法]以当前条锈菌优势小种接种成株期小麦,从几大小麦产区主栽品种中筛选出抗条锈品种。然后利用SSR标记对筛选出的抗锈品种的遗传多样性进行分析。[结果]27对SSR引物在上述抗锈品种中共检测到104个等位变异,平均为3.85个;引物的多态信息含量(PIC)在0.210~0.712之间,平均为0.455;抗锈品种间遗传相似系数平均为0.723,表明筛选出的抗锈品种遗传多样性较低,亲缘较近。[结论]聚类分析的结果将抗锈品种分为了4个类群,类群的分布与亲缘的远近和品种的地域有一定的相关性。 [Objective] The research aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of anti-rust cultivars in major cultivars of wheat in China by SSR markers and provide references for the selection of parent materials for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. [Method] The current stripe rust dominant races were inoculated into mature wheat and the stripe rust resistant cultivars were selected from the main varieties of several wheat growing areas. The SSR markers were then used to analyze the genetic diversity of the selected anti-rust cultivars. [Result] Twenty-four pairs of SSR primers detected 104 alleles in the above anti-rust varieties with an average of 3.85. The polymorphic information content (PIC) of the primers ranged from 0.210 to 0.712 with an average of 0.455. The average genetic similarity coefficient was 0.723, which indicated that the selected rust resistant cultivars had lower genetic diversity and closer relatives. [Conclusion] The results of cluster analysis classified rust-resistant cultivars into four groups. The distribution of the groups was related to the relative distance and varieties.