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泡沫金属有体积密度小、比表面积大等优点,还有一定的强度、延展性和可加工性,故可用作轻质结构和功能一体化材料。此外,泡沫金属作为结构材料通常要与致密壳层组成夹芯结构(三明治结构)来使用。此类材料及其夹芯结构在实际应用中经常会遇到拉压、弯曲、剪切和扭转等作用,所以其断裂破坏强度等力学性能问题的研究是一项富有现实意义的工作。本文概述了泡沫金属及其夹芯结构的力学性能研究状况,分析了研究工作中存在的一些不足,提出了一些可能的研究发展趋势。这些也许可以为材料和结构的优化设计提供一定的参考。
Foam metal has the advantages of small bulk density, large specific surface area, and certain strength, ductility and machinability, so it can be used as a lightweight structural and functional integrated material. In addition, as a structural material, foamed metal is usually used to form a sandwich structure (sandwich structure) with a dense shell. Such materials and their sandwich structures often encounter the effects of tension, bending, shearing and torsion in practical applications. Therefore, the research on the mechanical properties of such materials and their sandwich structures is of great realistic significance. This paper summarizes the research status of mechanical properties of foam metal and its sandwich structure, analyzes some shortcomings in the research work, and puts forward some possible research trends. These may provide a reference for the optimal design of materials and structures.