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目的了解北京地区2006～2007年O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌耐药性和霍乱毒素(cholera toxin,CT)基因的特征,探讨其耐药特征与CT基因和菌种来源的关系。方法用PCR方法检测124株霍乱弧菌CT基因;用WHO推荐的改良K-B纸片法,对所有菌株进行5种常用抗菌药物的药敏试验;用卡方检验对结果进行统计学分析。结果124株O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌对诺氟沙星和环丙沙星的敏感率均达85%以上。103株O1群霍乱弧菌中,21株CT阳性的O1群霍乱弧菌对丁胺卡那的耐药率为81%,82株CT阴性的O1群霍乱弧菌的耐药率为4.9%;59株外环境来源的O1群霍乱弧菌对丁胺卡那的耐药率为33.9%,44株人源性的O1群霍乱弧菌对其耐药率为2.3%。21株O139群霍乱弧菌中,6株CT阳性的O139群霍乱弧菌对强力霉素的耐药率为66.7%,15株CT阴性的O139群霍乱弧菌对其耐药率为13.3%;10株外环境来源的O139群霍乱弧菌对强力霉素的耐药率为60%,11株人源性的O139群霍乱弧菌对其耐药率为9.1%。经卡方检验,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论诺氟沙星和环丙沙星对霍乱弧菌有较高的敏感性,可以作为霍乱防治的首选药物。霍乱弧菌对部分抗生素的耐药特征与CT基因和菌种来源有一定的关系。
Objective To understand the characteristics of Vibrio cholera toxin (CTV) gene in O1 group and O139 group in Beijing from 2006 to 2007 and investigate the relationship between the drug resistance and the origin of CT gene and strain. Methods 124 strains of Vibrio cholerae CT genes were detected by PCR. Five strains of antibacterial drugs were tested for susceptibility to all strains by the modified K-B method recommended by the WHO. The results were analyzed by chi-square test. Results The sensitivity of 124 strains of O1 and O139 Vibrio cholera to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were over 85%. Of 103 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1, 21 strains of Vibrio cholerae of O1 group were positive for amikacin, 81% for Vibrio cholerae, and 4.9% for 82 strains of Vibrio cholerae. The resistance rates of 59 isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates to amikacin were 33.9% and 44 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 were 2.3%. Of 21 strains of Vibrio cholerae O139, 6 strains of Vibrio cholerae O139 were resistant to doxycycline, 66.7% of them were resistant to Vibrio cholerae, and 13 strains were resistant to 15 strains of Vibrio cholerae O139 negative. Ten strains of Vibrio cholerae O139 from outside environment were 60% resistant to doxycycline, and 11 strains of Vibrio cholerae O139 were resistant to them by 9.1%. The chi-square test, the above differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin have higher sensitivity to V. cholerae and can be used as the drug of choice for prevention and control of cholera. Vibrio cholerae part of the antibiotic resistance characteristics and CT gene and species have a certain source.