Units8-10正误例析

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  1. 那个生病的孩子在住院。
  误:The sick child is in the hospital.
  正:The sick child is in hospital.
  析:in hospital意为“住院治疗”,而in the hospital意为“在医院里”(不一定是住院治疗)。再如:go to hospital去医院看病,go to the hospital去医院(办其他事情)。
  2. 他决定延期去上海了。
  误:He decided to put off to go to Shanghai.
  正:He decided to put off going to Shanghai.
  析:put off意为“推迟;延期”,后面不能接动词不定式作宾语,常接名词或动名词作宾语。
  3. 他们决定为此成立一个俱乐部。
  误:They decided to put up a club for this purpose.
  正:They decided to set up a club for this purpose.
  析:set up除了表示“修建”之意外,还有“建立或成立(某个组织机构)”的意思。put up与set up在“修建”意思上相同,但不表示“成立”组织机构,因此在该句中不能换用。
  4. 不仅老师高兴,而且学生也高兴。
  误:Not only the teacher but also the students is happy.
  正:Not only the teacher but also the students are happy.
  析:not only…but (also)…意为“不但……而且……”,其中also可以省略。当用来连接主语时,谓语动词应与邻近的主语保持一致。类似用法的短语还有:neither…nor…, either…or…等。
  5. 我们将去修理损坏的机器。
  误:We are going to fix the broken machine.
  正:We are going to repair the broken machine.
  析:fix表示“修理”时,强调安装、组合,而repair则无此意。
  6. 情况很奇怪,我弄不明白是怎么回事。
  误:It is a strange situation. I can’t work out it.
  正:It is a strange situation. I can’t work it out.
  析:work out是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词,当用代词作宾语时,代词应放在work与out之间。
  7. 小刀被用来切东西。
  误:The knife is used as/by cutting.
  正:The knife is used for cutting.
  析:be used for意为“被/供……用;被用来做……”,for表示用途,后接动名词或名词;be used as意为“被用来作为……”,as表示“作为”,后接名词;be used by意为“被……使用”,by后接动作的执行者。
  8. 你认为我们首先应当做什么?
  误:What do you think should we do first?
  正:What do you think we should do first?
  析:英语中如果特殊疑问句中插入以一般疑问句句式出现的插入语(如do you think等),则此特殊疑问句本身的主语、谓语仍应用陈述语序,而不可用疑问语序。
  9. 在公共汽车站我偶然遇到了老朋友。
  误:I met my old friend by the accident at the bus stop.
  正:I met my old friend by accident at the bus stop.
  析:by accident是固定短语,意为“偶然;意外”,accident前不用冠词。
  10. 你注意到有人拿走了我的词典吗?
  误:Did you notice anyone to take my dictionary away?
  正:Did you notice anyone take my dictionary away?
  析:表示感觉的动词,如listen to, see, watch, hear, feel, notice等之后,既可使用现在分词,也可使用不带to的动词不定式。
  11. 进来之前敲一下门。
  误:Knock the door before you enter.
  正:Knock at/on the door before you enter.
  析:knock虽然可以作及物动词用,但说“敲门”或“敲窗户”时,介词at或on不可省略。
  12. 在月球上行走是不容易的。
  误:It is not easy walking on the moon.
  正:Walking on the moon is not easy.
  正:It is not easy to walk on the moon.
  正:To walk on the moon is not easy.
  析:动词不定式作主语和动名词作主语,在很多时候表意是相同的。但若使用形式主语it时,真正的逻辑主语就只能用不定式结构了,即It is (not)+adj.+to do sth.。
  13. 我们看见又一片云朝我们飘过来。
  误:We saw another cloud coming to us.
  正:We saw another cloud coming towards us.
  析:to, towards都可以和表示位移的动词go, come, move, walk, return等连用,只是to表示“位移的终点”,即“到达”之意。我们所说的“黑云压顶”却绝不至于真的碰着你的头皮,故例句中只能用towards。
  14. 今天物价突然上涨。
  误:Today prices are risen suddenly.
  正:Today prices rise suddenly.
  析:rise是不及物动词,不能用在被动语态中。同时,表示价格的自然上涨,也不能用被动语态。
  15. 苏珊九岁时,已经自学了一门外语。
  误:By the time she was nine years old, Susan learned a foreign
  language all by herself.
  正:By the time she was nine years old, Susan had learned a foreign language all by herself.
  析:by the time指在(某时)前,到某时前已发生某事或出现某情况,谓语多用完成时,这时一定要注意时间状语和主句之间在时态上的一致。
  16. 我们整个旅馆里没有一个空床位了。
  误:We haven’t got a bed empty in the whole hotel.
  正:We haven’t got a bed vacant in the whole hotel.
  析:empty是full的反义词,与名词连用表示“空荡荡的、空无一物的”,而vacant与名词连用则表示“(暂时)未被人(或物)占用的”,故把empty改成vacant。
  17. 这家商店的衬衫都卖完了。
  误:The shop sold all their shirts.
  正:The shop sold out all their shirts.
  析:sell表示“出售”,并不强调卖完与否,表示“售完”可说sell out。这个词组还可用于引申意义,表示“出卖”。
  18. 你结婚多久了?
  误:How long have you got married?
  正:How long have you been married?
  析:marry和get married都表示瞬间性动作,不能与表示持续性的时间状语连用。
  19. 凯西把面包切开,给了我两块。
  误:Kathy cut the bread and gave me two.
  正:Kathy cut the bread and gave me two pieces.
  析:bread是不可数名词,表示“两块面包”要用two pieces of bread。此句中因为前面已出现了bread,所以two pieces后的of bread就省略了。
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