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土壤微生物是土壤生态系统中极其重要和最为活跃的部分,在土壤养分转化循环、系统稳定性和抗干扰能力以及土壤可持续生产力中占据主导地位,控制着土壤生态系统功能的关键过程。长期研究表明施肥制度不同将导致土壤微生物种群、数量和活性不同,土壤生物肥力不同,而这种差异又会对土壤结构、肥力和生产力产生重要影响。如何评价各种施肥制度,以及寻找可以准确描述其对土壤微生物生态影响的指标目前为人们所广泛关注。但由于这方面的评价指标繁多,测定困难,因此至今未能对这方面的研究达成共识。对施肥对土壤微生物生态各方面影响进行阐述,进而提出科学的评价指标,并对其研究方法进行概述。
Soil microorganisms are extremely important and active parts of soil ecosystems and dominate the soil nutrient conversion cycle, system stability and anti-interference ability and soil sustainable productivity, controlling the key processes of soil ecosystem function. Long-term studies have shown that different fertilization systems will lead to different soil microbial populations, different quantity and activity, and different soil bio-fertility, which in turn will have a significant impact on soil structure, fertility and productivity. How to evaluate various fertilization systems and to find an indicator that can accurately describe the ecological impact on soil microorganisms is currently attracting much attention. However, due to the various evaluation indicators in this area and the difficulty of determination, so far no consensus has been reached on this aspect of research. The effects of fertilization on various aspects of soil microbial ecology are elaborated, and then scientific evaluation indexes are put forward and their research methods are summarized.