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近年来,板栗栽培面积不断扩大,如云南种植面积约150万亩,年产量1000万公斤。但平均每亩产量不到10公斤,品质差,坚果小(平均重5.3-6.5克),植株间差异大,产品缺乏一致性,商品性状差,在市场上缺乏竞争力,经济效益低。究其原因,主要是云南的板栗长期延用实生繁殖,实生栗园面积占80%以上,而且管理粗放。结合近几年对低产栗树改造研究情况,我们认为应采用良种嫁接改造,实行无性系集约化栽培,创名牌、夺高产、争高效。
In recent years, the growing area of chestnut cultivation, such as planting area of about 1.5 million mu of Yunnan, annual output of 10 million kg. However, the average yield per mu is less than 10 kg, the quality is poor, the nuts are small (average weight is 5.3-6.5 g), the differences among plants are large, the products are not consistent, the commodity traits are poor, the market is not competitive, and the economic benefits are low. The reason is that Yunnan chestnut long-term use of real growth, real chestnut garden area accounted for more than 80%, and extensive management. Combining with the researches on the transformation of low-yielding chestnut trees in recent years, we think that it is necessary to adopt improved grafting transformation, practice intensive cultivation of clones, create famous brand, and win high output with high efficiency.