国企体制是我们当前面对的各种经济问题中最需要突破而又最难突破的问题。说它最需要突破不是因为在国企经营层面上存在治理和管理、效益和效率方面的问题,而是因为国企在体制层面上造成“国进民退”、垄断、民间资本外流等社会问题,这个问题能否及时、妥善处理关系到党和政府的执政正当性。说它最难突破是因它涉及到对社会主义本质,宪法中关于以公有制为基础的表述的认识和理解,同时,也触及到已形成的特殊利益 The system of state-owned enterprises is the most needed breakthrough and the most difficult one among the various economic problems we currently face. To say that it needs the most breakthrough not because of the problems of governance and management, efficiency and efficiency in the operation of state-owned enterprises, but also because of the social problems caused by state-owned enterprises retreat, monopoly and non-governmental capital outflow at the institutional level Whether this issue can handle the legitimacy governing the party and government timely and properly. To say that it is the most difficult to break is because it involves the understanding of and understanding of the nature of socialism and the constitutional interpretation of public ownership as it relates to the special interests that have already been formed