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通过2010—2013年的大田试验,探讨了2个施氮水平(300和525 kg·hm-2)和3种种植模式(甘蔗、大豆单作及甘蔗-大豆1∶2间作)对蔗田大豆固氮、甘蔗和大豆氮素累积及氨挥发和氮淋溶的影响.结果表明:与大豆单作相比,甘蔗-大豆间作的大豆固氮效率下降,但不同施氮水平间作模式之间无显著差异.不同施氮水平和种植模式对甘蔗、大豆氮素累积无显著影响.减量施氮水平下氨挥发量低于常规施氮处理,不同施氮水平和种植模式对氮淋溶量无显著影响.除2011年甘蔗单作减量施氮水平下出现蔗田氮素亏缺(-66.22 kg·hm-2)外,其余不同年份不同种植模式下氮素都处于盈余状态(73.10~400.03 kg·hm-2),施氮水平显著影响了蔗田的氮素盈亏,且常规施氮水平下氮素盈余量显著高于减量施氮处理,过高的氮素盈余增加了氮素污染农田环境的风险.从培肥地力、降低氮素污染环境的风险和节约生产成本等方面考虑,减量施氮水平下甘蔗-大豆间作模式具有一定的生态合理性.
Through field trials in 2010-2013, the effects of two nitrogen application rates (300 and 525 kg · hm-2) and three planting patterns (sugarcane, monoculture with soybean and sugarcane-soybean with 1: 2 intercropping) Nitrogen fixation, accumulation of nitrogen and nitrogen in sugarcane and soybean, ammonia volatilization and nitrogen leaching.The results showed that the nitrogen fixation efficiency of sugarcane-soybean intercropping decreased compared with that of single-cropping soybean, but there was no significant difference among different nitrogen application rates .Non-N and planting mode had no significant effect on the accumulation of nitrogen in sugarcane and soybean.The ammonia volatilization was less than that of conventional N application under the reduced nitrogen application rate, but no significant effect on nitrogen leaching In addition to the nitrogen deficit (-66.22 kg · hm-2) in sugarcane single-crop reduction and nitrogen application in 2011, the nitrogen in different cropping patterns in different years was in surplus (73.10 ~ 400.03 kg · hm-2). The nitrogen application rate significantly affected the N profit and loss of sugarcane field, and the nitrogen surplus was significantly higher than that of nitrogen application under the conventional nitrogen application rate. Excessive nitrogen surplus increased the nitrogen pollution to farmland environment The risk from fertilizing fertility reduces the risk of nitrogen pollution of the environment and saves production Cost and other considerations, reducing nitrogen level of sugarcane - soybean intercropping mode has some ecological rationality.