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辛亥革命胜利,君主专制被推翻,共和政体得以建立,这是近代中国在前进道路上的“历史性巨变”。中国传统的社会经济、政治、文化的类型、内容和运作方式等,都发生了极大的变化。在此社会背景下,故宫博物院于1925年10月10日开院。作为近代意义上的公共博物馆,故宫博物院由专制帝国的皇家宫殿,转变成共和政体国家的公共博物馆。这一转变历程承载了近代社会的大量内容,并且充满了象征意义,记录着中华传统文化的集体记忆,也塑造了新兴民族国家的集体认同。本文即以故宫博物院所藏历史档案以及国家图书馆所藏民国报刊文献为基础,力图呈现民初时期(1911～1 925)故宫向故宫博物院转变的历史轨迹,探讨新生的中华民国如何摧毁旧的帝制符号,建构一个新民族国家符号的过程。
The victory of the Revolution of 1911, the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republican government were the “historic changes” in modern China on the road to progress. China’s traditional socio-economic, political and cultural types, contents and mode of operation have undergone tremendous changes. In this social context, the National Palace Museum opened on October 10, 1925. As a modern public museum, the Palace Museum was transformed from a royal imperial palace to a public museum in a republican state. This process of change carries a great deal of content in modern society and is full of symbolism and a collective memory of traditional Chinese culture. It also shapes the collective identity of emerging nation states. Based on the historical archives of the National Palace Museum and the national newspapers and periodicals collected by the National Library of China, this essay attempts to show the history of the Forbidden City’s transformation from the National Palace Museum to the National Palace Museum in the early Republic of China (1911-1955), and to explore how the newborn Republic of China destroyed the old The symbol of imperialism and the process of constructing a symbol of a new nation.